I když v třetihorách již nedošlo k žádnému velkému vymírání, umožňuje toto období vzhledem k hojnému zachování sedimentárních archivů rekonstruovat evoluční procesy detailně. Na evoluci mají vliv klimatické změny, i intenzivní tektonická aktivita rozrůzňující prostředí a vytvářející geografické bariéry.

Použitá a citovaná literatura

BELHADJI, Ahmed, et al. Extreme Morphological Plasticity Within Orbulina-“Praeorbulina-Like” Assemblages Related to Environmental Stress. In: Morphogenesis, Environmental Stress and Reverse Evolution. Springer, Cham, 2020. p. 111-127.

HARPER, Liz. BENTON, MJ & HARPER, D. A. T. Basic Palaeontology. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman, 1997. ISBN 0 52 22857 3.

BÖHME, Madelaine; WINKLHOFER, Michael; ILG, August. Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2011, 304.3-4: 212-218.

HANSEN, James, et al. Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2013, 371.2001: 20120294.

HOLCOVÁ, Katarína; KOPECKÁ, Jitka; SCHEINER, Filip. An imprint of the Mediterranean middle Miocene circulation pattern in a satellite sea during the Langhian: A case study from the Carpathian Foredeep (Central Paratethys). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2019, 514: 336-348.

KOVÁČ, Michal, et al. The Central Paratethys palaeoceanography: a water circulation model based on microfossil proxies, climate, and changes of depositional environment. Acta Geologica Slovaca, 2017, 9.2: 75-114.

PRISTA, Gonçalo A.; AGOSTINHO, Rui J.; CACHÃO, Mário A. Observing the past to better understand the future: a synthesis of the Neogene climate in Europe and its perspectives on present climate change. Open Geosciences, 2015, 7.1.

SCHEINER, Filip, et al. Temperature and isotopic composition of seawater in the epicontinental sea (Central Paratethys) during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition based on Mg/Ca, δ18O and δ13C from foraminiferal tests. Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 2018, 495: 60-71.

Although no major extinctions took place in the Tertiary, this period makes it possible to reconstruct evolutionary processes in detail due to the abundant preservation of sedimentary archives. Evolution was influenced by climate change, as well as intense tectonic activity that differentiated the environment and created geographical barriers.