Po stručném úvodu do problematiky analýzy výživy v antropologii se článek soustředí na představení stěžejních změn ve výživě minulých populací, které byly pomocí stabilních izotopů dokumentovány (např. změna stravy v souvislosti s přijetím zemědělství). Další část příspěvku je pak zaměřena na izotopové doklady proměn stravy v souvislosti s vývojem sociálních, náboženských či kulturních norem. Poslední část se zabývá využitím specifických vzorků (zubů, vlasů) a perspektivami rozvoje izotopové analýzy.

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After a brief introduction to the principles of dietary analysis in the field of anthropo­logy, the paper focuses on isotopic eviden­ce of key dietary changes in past populations (e. g. connected with the adoption of agriculture). The second part deals with the relation between dietary change and the development of social, religious and cultural norms, as documented by stable isotopes. The third section discusses the use of specific samples (teeth, hair) and the future prospects for stable isotope analysis.