Polyploidie je důležitým evolučním mechanismem přispívajícím k biodiverzitě současných ryb a také významným nástrojem v akvakultuře. Tento článek podává přehled o mechanismech vzniku polyploidie a o kauzálním vztahu mezi hybridizačními událostmi a zvýšením stupně ploidie. Uvádí rovněž příklady využití specifických vlastností polyploidů v akvakultuře.

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Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism contributing to the biodiversity of extant fishes, and it also represents a notable tool in aquaculture. This paper re­views the mechanisms by means of which polyploidy arises and the causal relation­ship between hybridisation events and elevation of the ploidy level. Utilization of specific traits of polyploids in aquaculture is also discussed.