Rakovina patří bezesporu k nejobávanějším civilizačním nemocem naší doby. Ačkoli příčin transformace normální buňky na rakovinnou může být celá řada a jednotlivé nádory se liší po genetické stránce, jedno mají společné: rakovinné buňky zcela změní úroveň svého metabolismu, aby uspokojily nároky na rychlý buněčný růst a dělení (proli­feraci). Příspěvek se snaží popsat složitou problematiku fyziologických rozdílů v metabolismu zdravé a rakovinné buňky a naznačit, jak tyto poznatky použít jako vhodnou zbraň v onkologické léčbě. Vznik a růst zhoubných nádorů je již ně­kolik desetiletí předmětem zájmu lékařů a vědců z mnoha oborů. Z hlediska léčby jde především o rozpoznání znaků, které jsou pro rakovinnou buňku jedinečné a které lze využít pro její cílené zničení bez poškození buněk zdravých. A právě jedním z takových univerzálních znaků rakovinných buněk je specifický metabolismus.

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There is one feature common to most types of cancer – profound changes in their cellular metabolism that accommodate the high requirements for fast growth and cell division. This change brings about many advantages to the transformed cell and it is also indispensable for its survival and proliferation. This review describes the differences in metabolism between normal and cancerous cells and outlines strategies that could exploit these differences as tools for oncological treatment.