Většina hub se živí saprotrofně rozkladem organické hmoty. Občas však změní svou ekologii a vstoupí do některé z užších symbióz s jinými organismy. V současnosti je k dispozici stále větší množství prací zabývajících se komparativní genomikou hub s rozdílnou životní strategií, což umožňuje odhalit trendy spojené mimo jiné se symbiotickým životem hub, ať už parazitickým nebo mutualistickým. V tomto článku jsou představeny některé z nich.

Doporučená literatura:
AGUILETA, Gabriela, et al. Genome evolution in plant pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. Advances in Botanical Research, 2009, 49: 151-193.
ALBERTIN, Warren; MARULLO, Philippe. Polyploidy in fungi: evolution after whole-genome duplication. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2012, 279.1738: 2497-2509.
BENNETT, M. D. The duration of meiosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 1971, 178.1052: 277-299.
GOODWIN, Stephen B., et al. Finished genome of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals dispensome structure, chromosome plasticity, and stealth pathogenesis. PLoS Genetics, 2011, 7.6: e1002070.
KAUSERUD, Håvard, et al. Mushroom's spore size and time of fruiting are strongly related: is moisture important?. Biology letters, 2011, 7.2: 273-276.
KULDAU, Gretchen A.; TSAI, Huei-Fung; SCHARDL, Christopher L. Genome sizes of Epichloë species and anamorphic hybrids. Mycologia, 1999, 776-782.
KULLMAN, Bellis. Peak genome size in fungi. XVII Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists Estonia, Saarmaa, Mandjala. Tartu University Publishing, 2008.
MA, Li-Jun, et al. Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium. Nature, 2010, 464.7287: 367-373.
MARTIN, Francis, et al. The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature, 2008, 452.7183: 88-92.
MIRSKY, A. E.; RIS, Hans. The desoxyribonucleic acid content of animal cells and its evolutionary significance. The Journal of general physiology, 1951, 34.4: 451-462.
MIRSKY, A. E.; RIS, Hans. The desoxyribonucleic acid content of animal cells and its evolutionary significance. The Journal of general physiology, 1951, 34.4: 451-462.
MOON, Christina D., et al. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere. Mycologia, 2002, 94.4: 694-711.
NEWCOMBE, G., et al. Melampsora× columbiana, a natural hybrid of M. medusae and M. occidentalis. Mycological Research, 2000, 104.3: 261-274.
PETER, Martina, et al. Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum. Nature communications, 2016, 7: 12662.
ROPER, Marcus, et al. Explosively launched spores of ascomycete fungi have drag-minimizing shapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105.52: 20583-20588.
SCANNELL, Devin R., et al. Multiple rounds of speciation associated with reciprocal gene loss in polyploid yeasts. Nature, 2006, 440.7082: 341-345.
SPANU, Pietro D., et al. Genome expansion and gene loss in powdery mildew fungi reveal tradeoffs in extreme parasitism. Science, 2010, 330.6010: 1543-1546.
SPIERS, A. G.; HOPCROFT, D. H. Comparative studies of the poplar rusts Melampsora medusae, M. larici-populina and their interspecific hybrid M. medusae-populina. Mycological Research, 1994, 98.8: 889-903.
STUKENBROCK, Eva H.; CROLL, Daniel. The evolving fungal genome. Fungal Biology Reviews, 2014, 28.1: 1-12.
TAVARES, Sílvia, et al. Genome size analyses of Pucciniales reveal the largest fungal genomes. Frontiers in plant science, 2014, 5.
VESELSKÁ, Tereza; KOLAŘÍK, Miroslav. Application of flow cytometry for exploring the evolution of Geosmithia fungi living in association with bark beetles: the role of conidial DNA content. Fungal Ecology, 2015, 13: 83-92.

Most fungi are saprotrophs living on de­caying organic materials. From time to time they change their ecology and enter into some kind of narrow symbiosis with other organisms. More and more compara­tive genome studies are emerging these days dealing with fungi with diverse life strategies, which present revealing trends, amongst other things, linked with a symbiotic, parasitic or mutualistic way of life. Some of these are introduced in the paper.